Why Trees?

Trees on the Woonasquatucket River near Mowry Commons, Smithfield, RI

You've been breathing oxygen today.  That's nothing new, you breathe oxygen every day.  You have also been using electricity, and perhaps even driving a car, leaving behind puffs of carbon dioxide.  You may have eaten an apple, an orange or a banana.  You printed out a document at work and you, no doubt, sat on something at least partly made of wood.  Your house may be made of wood, as is your kitchen cutting board, your bookcases, your flooring and that picture frame on your bureau.  Right now you probably have a half-drunk cup of tea or coffee within arm's reach -- each of those is the product of a bush.

Without trees, none of these things would be possible.  We tend to forget how much we rely on these beautiful, dendritic lives that exist all around us, quietly, humbly making things happen.

When I was a child, I would climb to the top of a great white pine that once towered over our Cape Cod cottage.  It has since been replaced by three smaller pear trees, a row of lilacs, and an adolescent maple, none of which is strong enough to climb.  I am sorry that my son will never see the Hen Cove from that makeshift crow's nest, so high above the surrounding rooftops.

I love to split wood.  A wood fire is a blessing.  And pruning trees can be great meditation. 

We owe so much to trees, yet many people have a NIMBY kind of approach to them.  Trees drop inconvenient leaves all over our nice green grass.  Their roots turn a flat lawn into a lumpy mess.  They attract wildlife, which can be inconvenient for those prefer a more sterile existence. 

Have you ever wondered just how many trees it takes to offset the carbon from your car's emissions?
According to Carbonify.com's handy carbon calculator, a car that gets 40 miles to the gallon requires about 18 mature trees to offset about 12,000 miles of  yearly driving.  According to this New York Times article, one acre of mature deciduous forest offsets the carbon produced by driving 2.7 average cars for one year.  And that's just driving.  You also heat your home, eat tree fruit, use paper towels, and do many other things that require trees.  How many cars does your family own?  And how many acres of trees?

It is these complex equations that brought me to the conclusion that reforestation must be a global priority.  We, as human beings, desperately need to reforest the many millions of deforested miles that should be producing oxygen, sequestering carbon, and producing the food and timber for the next generation.  Along with local plantings, this is work that we can responsibly outsource.  People around the world need jobs.  Many of them live in the areas that have practiced aggressive deforestation.  They can improve their own lives and support themselves doing this work, if we are willing to fund it.

So what can you do?  How can you support the planting of trees?  There are lots of ways to help.  As I have often mentioned on this blog, The Eden Reforestation Projects does a fabulous job turning your donations into trees and jobs.  My own company, Plant22.com will, as of 2015, be offering American made products, the sale of which will support The Eden Projects.

If you live in a city, you can work with local tree-planting groups to help reforest vacant lots and sidewalk spaces.  If you live in the country, you can grow your own trees. And fruit trees make great gifts, especially if given in complementary, cross-pollinating pairs.  You can also advocate for more forested parks with walking trails, and sensible development policies that preserve forest and minimize large, grassy lawns.  Lawns might look nice but they require up to 3x the amount of carbon, because of mowing and watering, than they sequester in the earth.  Compare that to a garden or a forest and you can see why planting trees, bushes and perennial gardens is a much healthier proposition.  Planting your yard with wildflowers, instead of grass, is another sensible option.

If we, as a species, would like to carry on healthfully into the coming centuries, our current attitudes toward trees must change.  This kind of change starts at home.  Trees are an amazing investment.  How else can you turn an hour of your time into a thousand pounds of eventual product?  For pennies today, you can create real value tomorrow. 

Isn't it time we all got started?

Obama, Xi Jinping Climate Deal - Happily, We Can Do Better

As much as it's great to see China and the United States finally talking about climate, we have to ask the bigger question: "are the numbers truly meaningful?"

Well, I've been digging into some numbers and, to be blunt, I believe the answer is "no".

In Wednesday's CO2 agreement, President Obama pledged to reduce carbon emissions by "as much as 28%" from 2005 levels by the year 2025.  Xi Jinping pledged to peak China's carbon dioxide emissions in 2030.  Currently the US produces 16% of the world's carbon dioxide emissions and is gradually improving on this number, at least partly due to the natural gas now available through new "fracking" techniques (another thorny issue).  China produces 26% of the world's carbon emissions, and its CO2 output is growing exponentially [reference].

The world is currently absorbing only about half of the CO2 that humans produce.  By 2030, if this deal goes as planned, China's CO2 output could be four, eight or even sixteen times what it is today.

To meet this dubious goal, China will build hundreds, if not thousands, of nuclear power plants, as well as other "clean energy" production facilities, ostensibly by damming rivers and clearing forests for massive solar arrays.

Why do they need this much more energy?  So they can make more shoddy clothing, toys and disposable junk?

The upshot is that top-down solutions are not working.  If this is the best that the “top” has to offer, we must stop looking to the “top” for solutions.  What is needed, instead, is a bottom up change in priorities. 

So, let’s start from the bottom, with one of the most carbon & energy-intensive industries: big agriculture and remote food production.

Right now, less than 2% of the US population is involved in agricultural production.  In effect, that leaves 98% of Americans “food-insecure”.  The food we eat is grown by strangers on giant, distant farms, lacks nutritional value, and carries a huge carbon (and environmental) footprint.  While 98% of Americans toil at non-agricultural jobs, 70% are unhappy at work.  Many feel their jobs are pointless and their careers unstable, and many are concerned about the high cost of putting healthful food on the table. 

To sum it up: we work at disappointing jobs in pursuit of security that our leaders are unwilling or unable to provide.

Now for the kicker: according to recent studies, jobs in “agriculture, forestry and fishing” are some of the most rewarding professions.  They are dangerous, dirty, and often unprofitable, yet workers in these jobs are some of the happiest of all. 

Weird.  Maybe 98% of us are missing the boat.

Here is an equation that can change the world: Happiness + food security + community = wealth.

Where do we find happiness, food security and community? How about “agriculture, forestry and fishing” for a start?

• Local and back-yard agriculture produces healthier, potentially carbon-neutral, food.
• Forests cool the local environment, produce food and timber, absorb CO2, and increase wildlife.
• Fishing requires clean water and careful management.  Small agriculture and forestry can improve water quality, whereas big agriculture contributes heavily to water pollution.

Farming, forestry and fishing are both rewarding and cost-effective.  They are also mostly apolitical, non-partisan and largely uncontroversial.  Republicans and Democrats alike enjoy walking in the forest, eating fresh food and fishing in clean streams.  So do the Chinese, for that matter.

These pursuits bring people together over cooperative, satisfying work.  They give us purpose.

As individuals and communities, we must lead by example.  When we plant vegetable gardens and forests for ourselves and each other, we demonstrate how rewarding, and secure, life can be.  And we must publicize these successes -- at home and in China.  Every community that comes together over food, forestry and fishing can serve as an example to the next.  We must form connections and friendships across cultural boundaries.  Only by spreading our success can we hope to succeed on a global scale.

While communities become more food-secure, other sustainability issues must be addressed.  We must stop buying junk from far away, and start buying quality products from each other.  It’s all part of the same package.  So, while our leaders bicker over carbon emissions, we can be taking productive steps toward a happier, more sustainable future, from the bottom up. 

In the end, keeping the world inhabitable is everybody’s business.  Take a small step today, then take another step tomorrow.  Share your successes.  Before you know it, you'll be part of the solution.

Plant22.com

Since the beginning of this blog, I have thought quite a bit about how to best fund reforestation efforts.  This has been an exploration and a struggle.  I have tried planting trees.  But how many can I actually plant?  I have tried encouraging friends to contribute, but that's a tough row to hoe.  Everyone cares but nobody has the time.  I have even tried starting a meet up group in my town of Providence, RI.  Check out PermacultureProvidence.org.  That's my best effort to date.  It is thriving, with 56 members and counting in only four months, which proves that I am getting better at this effort....  but is it really enough?

Fortunately, trees grow like weeds here in New England.  This is a blessing and a curse for an activist.  Of what value is it to reforest an abandoned lot when that lot is already reforesting itself?  Although I will continue to plant high-value edible plants here in Rhode Island, what the world really needs is more trees planted in deforested wastelands.

Now that my son is 7 and in first grade, I have a little more time to strategize.  No longer am I trying to do the crazy balance of working part-time and playing stay-at-home dad.  Yes, I still have seven years of home maintenance to catch up on, but I also have the luxury to procrastinate the least immediate issues, like the peeling corner boards and the compacted lawn.  And when I have time to strategize, I tend to come up with big projects.  This one is a biggie!

I have rallied several friends and we are starting a business.  It is called Plant22.com.  Right now it is totally behind the scenes, but we are building it.  The goal is to sell environmentally responsible products, made in the USA, and have an average of 22 trees planted for every product purchased.

For most of our lives, businesses have been perfecting the science of offshore sourcing and production in low-wage regions of the world.  In the process we, as consumers, have passively, often unknowingly, encouraged some pretty terrible stuff.  The result has been human and environmental catastrophes.  Now we know, but sometimes it almost seems to late to go back...

The idea is to turn this model on its head. 

At Plant22.com, we are building a marketplace where the products are American made, and proceeds go to replanting forests and jungles.  The store will sell products that we rely on every day.  It will sell games that have nothing to do with computers.  It will sell healthy kitchen products and clothes that are made in the USA.  It will harness the power and efficiency of e-commerce to support artisans, artists and hard-working Americans while, at the same time, giving aid to Haiti, Ethiopia, Madagascar and other deforested countries.  That aid will be in the form of reforestation work done by the local communities.

Everyone will benefit:

• Customers will find quality, heirloom products, made to last for generations.
• American craftspeople will benefit from meaningful work and fair salaries
• Poorer countries will benefit from the regeneration of natural resources
• Communities will learn responsible forestry, investing sweat equity and building confidence.
• Everyone will feel good about working together to make a difference

We will do this by partnering with great organizations like The Eden Projects.  These folks know how to get the job done.  While raise funds by selling responsible products, they will be out there in the trenches, working in the communities and teaching people how to plant trees.

Our store is on the verge of becoming a reality.  Keep your eyes open for the soft-launch and crowd-funding campaign.

Plant22.com 
Believe in the future!

The Limits of Reforestation vs. Unlimited Faith

We spend so much breath saying things can't be done. 

In searching the web for reforestation articles I find so much defeatism.  For example, with respect to Haitian reforestation, it often takes the form of bigotry and anger with the Haitian traditional method of charcoal cooking (see the comments below this article).  With scientists it is all about pragmatism "you can't solve the problem with reforestation, it's only part of the solution." See this article.

What the cynics are missing is the simple fact that we need to change minds.  If a society can embrace reforestation, and reforestation's sister, permaculture, it must, of necessity, become aware of other necessary changes.  Success has an effect on behavior.  For instance, were Haitians able to plant more trees and shift to a permaculture model, it seems impossible to me that they would not "get it".  How could they continue to burn the trees they were planting once their livelihoods depended on these same trees?  For more on permaculture transformations see Geoff Lawton's web site.

Now I am not a bible beater by any stretch.  And it sometimes seems that good intentions have done as much harm as good in many areas of the world (including Haiti) by promoting a culture reliant on handouts.  But these same good intentions are often lifesaving.  I find, you might say oddly, that it is often religious individuals who are actually doing something -- rather than just talking about it.   I just love that these kids got out there and planted 999 trees in a week.  It's not even a fraction of what is needed, of course, but it is really something -- and it is leading by example.  If they inspire one Haitian to carry on planting, it could change the entire course of history for this small island nation.

I am happy to say that there are more and more hopeful stories popping up on the web with respect to Haiti.  It is only a small country, and reforestation on Haiti is not going to make much difference to the world climate.  But with respect to the climate of and stability of Haiti itself, reforestation and permaculture could dramatically improve the lives of 10 million people.  See this article for an unusually upbeat story along these lines.

Many in Haiti are still focused only on survival.  But there are some who are working to move beyond the dual tragedies of natural disaster and disease.  Sadhana Forest is an organization that is doing just that.  They have planted 40,000 trees thus far, and they will let you be part of the solution if you so choose.  Check it out.

Hate Super Storms? Here's What to Do:

Does anyone still doubt that the tornadoes in the central US states -- and the whole tragic series of super storms that we have witnessed this decade -- is a result of global warming?

Anyhow, if you want to take action, here's what to do:

1. Help the victims: http://www.redcross.org/charitable-donations
2. Reduce your carbon footprint: http://sustainability.publicradio.org/consumed/tips.html
3. Support reforestation: donate to The Eden Projects or another quality charity that plants more trees and sequesters more carbon.
4. Tell your friends how good it feels to be part of the solution.

How Many Trees To Reverse Global Warming?

That's the real question, isn't it?  How many trees are needed to sequester the carbon sent into the atmosphere by human beings?  Can we plant that many?  Can we go back to our old atmosphere?

It is a question I have been asking myself a lot recently, so I thought I would find out just how many trees it would take to sequester that much carbon.

Some Reforestation Calculations

My quick and dirty research reveals differing figures with respect to current deforestation rates.  My calculations below rely on very shaky suppositions and, therefore, will need to be refined in future articles.  However, the numbers are worth considering.

This gentleman has done the math for us and has determined that, if we were to reforest an area the size of Texas  (about 50 million hectares) every year, we would sequester the amount of carbon emitted every year by human beings -- with caveats.  The benefit would not be immediate, the scheme does not reverse but only stops the current trend, and this scheme is only good until we run out of room for forests.

According to this Deforestation Report, thanks to the University of Michigan, the amount of tropical deforestation that has occurred to date, due to human interference, is approximately 800 million hectares (one half of the total tropical forest that once existed).  Therefore, if we were to replant all tropical forests at a rate that to equal our current carbon emission, we would do so in 16 years.  After that, we would need to replant non-tropical forests and find another method of sequestering carbon.  Of course, this assumes that the land is available, not being used for other purposes or owned by people who have an interest in seeing it remain cleared.

According to Wikipedia, the world continues to lose about 13.7 million hectares of forested land every year.  In that case, we actually need to replace that forest, as well.  So we would need to plant about 64 million hectares per year in total.

It All Comes Down To You

Replanting a hectare of forest requires about 2000 trees.  That's about $200 per hectare if we use the low-cost model perfected by the Eden Projects. That's about $13 billion per year that needs to be spent, worldwide, on reforestation projects if we are to tackle this challenge.  Sound like a lot of money?  That's less than .09% of the US GDP.  Not so much, really.  That's about $41 for every US citizen.

For $41 apiece per year, less than $4 per month, we could start to stabilize back global warming without even replacing our light bulbs with compact fluorescents.  And that's assuming that no other nation is willing to help foot the bill.  The wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, since 2001, have cost more than 100 times that.

Imagine the impact if we every caring person contributed $10 per month for reforestation, then re-insulated our attics, changed our light bulbs and ate 50% less red meat!

Don't Give Up!

It is so easy for us to throw up our hands and say "it can't be done". Yes, it will be a challenge.  And, yes, we need new technologies to help us reduce the amount of carbon we release into the atmosphere.  But can we afford to dismiss reforestation?  Even if we can only replant half of the forests that have been lost, think of how much better off we would be for the effort!

And consider the alternative.  I mean really, consider it.  Most of us understand that, by the time our great-grandchildren are born, the world will not be livable -- assuming the current trend continues.  Yet we put the blinders on as if there is nothing to be done.  We'll spend a trillion dollars to topple a third-rate dictator but continue to spend nothing on reforestation.

Finally, please consider the match I offered in my previous article and make a pledge to the Eden Projects.  So far, I have no takers but I know you're out there!  It's going to take a movement to make this happen so pass it along!

p.s. I suspect that my math is not perfect in the above.  Please feel free to correct it where it has failed.

In Dubious Honor of 400ppm...

Here it is!  A new blog dedicated to raising awareness, commitment, and money for reforestation projects. 

Sitting in my dining room in Providence, it is hard to imagine what impact I can have on the global warming crisis in which we find ourselves today.  We have reached a landmark 400 parts per million CO2 concentration in the atmosphere.  According to Wikipedia and just about every other authority on the matter, this may be our highest reading in 20 million years.

We need to do something.  So I began to wonder, just what is it that I can do?  I have already changed my light bulbs to compact fluorescents.  I have already insulated my house.  I eat very little meat.  I use only "renewable energy" from National Grid.  I compost, I reduce, reuse, recycle...  I even bought a nice, fuel-efficient Hyundai Elantra last year.  Did it make a difference?  I don't kid myself.  If everyone in the world lived the way I do, we would still be plummeting into the carbon abyss.

So what can be done?

Many people feel hopeless at this point.  In fact, I felt that way myself until very recently when I started reading about reforestation.

Reforestation is a Viable, Achievable, Sustainable Solution

 The debate always seems to come down to the old, frustrating discussion of how to get people and businesses to stop emitting so much CO2.  We all consume too much.  This must be part of the solution.  We all need to live more responsibly.  But it is the most difficult solution to the problem because it is impossible to make everyone else do it.  If your neighbor drives a Hummer, how to you offset that?  Well, the good news is you can.  And the solution is right in front of our faces every day: Trees.  Not just a few trees.  Not just a tree in your back yard.  No, millions and millions and millions of trees.

Here is the simple equation that can solve our problems in 30 years:

• Millions of starving victims of deforestation +
• Lots of first world folks with a little extra money and lots of good intentions +
• A network of trainers who can put these victims to work planting, raising and protecting trees for as little as 10 cents apiece.  Yes, just 10 cents apiece.

Billions of Trees

The great news is that this network is being built as we speak!  For as little as $10/month you can pay for 100 trees to be planted by donating to the The Eden Projects.  If this wonderful organization can continue to scale their work, they can literally save the world for your grandchildren.  They have the solution but they need LOTS AND LOTS of money to implement it on a scale that will accomplish this herculean feat.

Carbon Offset Calculator

Check out your own carbon footprint with this carbon calculator.  Remember, you need not only to offset your own current consumption but also all of your past consumption and that of a number of other people who do not understand the importance of this move.  A very modest contribution of $10 per month will (by tree maturity) offset the current consumption of, perhaps, 30 average Americans.  Consider that!  For perhaps 10% of the money you spend on heating oil or natural gas, you can:

• Employ one person in impoverished Ethiopia, Madagascar or Haiti
• Plant enough trees to make a difference

Begin Small. Tithe 5%

What can you contribute to save the world?  I am currently giving 5% of my net income after expenses to The Eden Projects.  I will, however, give up to 10% if I can inspire some matching donations.  Please tell me how much you are willing to give this year.  I will match it up to my maximum.  Let's do this, folks.  It may be the most important decision you make this year!